WASHINGTON — The water crisis in Flint, Mich., threatened Wednesday to derail the first major federal energy bill in nearly a decade while stirring partisan passions in both the Senate and the House, where members of an oversight committee grilled officials from Michigan and the federal Environmental Protection Agency over their flawed response.

“I don’t care whether it’s the EPA, whether it’s local, whether it’s the state,’’ said Representative Elijah E. Cummings, the top Democrat on the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. “I want everybody who’s responsible for this fiasco to be held accountable.’’

Over several hours of tense questioning, the committee sought to stitch together the chain of events that led to the water in Flint being contaminated with high levels of lead, particularly the failure to add a chemical to the water that would have prevented aging pipes from leaching lead.

Republicans, including Representative Jason Chaffetz of Utah, the chairman of the committee, cast blame on the EPA, while Democrats focused on the role of an emergency manager appointed by Governor Rick Snyder, a Republican, to oversee the city, and on the state’s Department of Environmental Quality.

Chaffetz said he expected the EPA by the end of the week to turn over pertinent e-mails to and from Susan Hedman, the agency’s former director for the region that includes Michigan. She resigned last week.

Much of the hearing focused on concerns about the lead level in Flint’s water that were raised early last year by an EPA official who tested water samples there, and on why the EPA did not quickly insist that officials take measures to control corrosion in the Flint water system.

As House members questioned Michigan officials, Senator Lisa Murkowski, Republican of Alaska, worked feverishly to save a sweeping bipartisan energy bill that Democrats have threatened to derail if $600 million in additional federal aid to Michigan to help clean up the contaminated water is not included in the measure.

But many Republicans said they would not support the bill, which is nearing a final vote in the Senate, if it included the money for the Flint water crisis.

“It’s a huge earmark,’’ said Senator John Cornyn of Texas, the No. 2-ranking Republican. “I think it’s not something I could support. Flint doesn’t have anything to do with the energy bill.’’

This week, the contours of a deal were formed, between Murkowski and Democrats, to pay for aid to Flint through a complex funding structure that may have also benefited Sebring, Ohio, where another lead crisis is emerging. But the proposal was found to have tax code implications, Republicans said, that would have prevented the bill from moving forward.

“We are still looking for an offset and still trying to help,’’ Murkowski said Wednesday.