The spike in ridership experienced by the MBTA since 2011, according to a report by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council and the Northeastern University Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy. The report also says car ownership fell by 4 percent and miles driven declined by 2 percent during the same period in Boston and 19 surrounding cities and towns. The report urges “strategic and targeted’’ investment in Boston’s transportation system to enable the region to stay economically competitive and to keep up with shifting preferences away from driving and car ownership and toward more sustainable options.